Over the past twenty-five years, The Traveling American has visited over one hundred cities around the world. This article focuses on one of the best cities we have visited outside of the United States and Canada. The task of naming the Top Ten World Cities was a difficult one and we considered an initial list of twenty-five places. We then selected twelve cities (there were a few ties) that we believe are the most interesting to see for our Top Ten list. 

HERE IS ROME, ITALY WHICH WE NAMED AS THE WORLD'S NUMBER 6 CITY 

Rome was once the capital of an empire that ruled most of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East for five centuries and built dozens of important cities in its image all around the Mediterranean. The Roman empire’s influence over architecture, politics, culture, and social practices continues to the present day. Equally important, Rome dominated the spiritual and sometimes the cultural affairs of western nations through the role of religious leaders and later the Vatican in spreading Christianity. The modern city of Rome is a major contributor to the economy and tourism business of Italy. Over ten million people visit the city each year including many North Americans.

There are numerous experiences for travelers to enjoy in the Eternal City.  Here are some of the most interesting experiences to pursue in Rome: 

SEE THE COLISEUM

Near the end of the first century AD, imperial Rome had survived the reign of several emperors considered to be tyrants by most historians including Nero. Nero’s legacy included constructing a royal villa called the Golden House near the center of the city flanked by a bronze statue of the emperor believed to have been over one hundred feet tall. Nero and his extravagances were quite unpopular with the public so one of his successors Emperor Vespasian “redeveloped” the entire area into several public projects including building a huge stadium originally known as the Flavian Amphitheater. Vespasian’s son, the emperor Titus, inaugurated the Coliseum in 80 AD by holding one hundred days of public games where wild animals were killed for sport and gladiatorial combat was held among soldiers, slaves, and prisoners of war. This spectacle became wildly popular with the Roman people and 55,000 spectators of all rank and social position often crammed into the Coliseum for events. Over the succeeding four hundred years, an estimated 400,000 people including gladiators, criminals, Christians, and political prisoners were killed in the arena. 

The four-story building was an architectural wonder rising over 165 feet with three different tiers of seating including a special box for the emperor. Built from travertine stone and concrete, the most interesting feature is the 240 exterior arches which circled the building using Doric, Ionic and Corinthian styles. Access to the seats inside was provided through eighty entrance corridors. To enhance the comfort of spectators, the Coliseum installed a large awning at the top which could be unfurled to shelter the audience from the sun or rain. The floor of the amphitheater also contained devices used to lift animals and combatants from the large underground chambers into the action. 

Today visitors see a restored building and can access the internal corridors, upper and lower levels of seating, and the arena floor. Future renovations are expected to open more of the “backstage” underground chambers and recreate a movable floor. 

ADMIRE THE VATICAN MUSEUMS AND SISTINE CHAPEL   

In addition to acting as a sovereign state and serving as the religious center for 1.3 billion Catholic parishioners around the world, Vatican City displays one of the most important collections of art, sculpture and artifacts found anywhere in the world. Some of these works can be found in galleries which originally served as rooms and hallways in Vatican palaces. The rest can be viewed in the Sistine Chapel located behind the main museum buildings or in the Raphael Rooms adjacent to the chapel. 

Empires and rulers come and go. Fortunately, the Vatican’s works of art and ancient artifacts have endured and made available for the public’s enjoyment since the 18th century. The major art exhibits in the museums include the restored ceiling of the Sistine Chapel showing Michelangelo’s emotional depiction of the Last Judgment, the side walls of the Sistine Chapel painted by 16th and 15th century masters, frescoes in the Raphael room painted by the young artist in the early 1500s to show the life and triumph of the Emperor Constantine and the Christian religion over paganism, along with other works of religious art from modern artists and early Christians. History and archeology buffs will also find an amazing assortment of objects here. Over the centuries, Greek, Roman, and Etruscan statues, and artifacts recovered from tombs and ruined buildings in Rome and all over the Mediterranean were collected by the Vatican or gifted to the popes. 

THROW A COIN IN THE TREVI FOUNTAIN

Rome’s most famous fountain – the Trevi Fountain - is in northeast Rome. This site has been symbolically important to the city for thousands of years. It was the approximate end point for the ancient Aqua Virgo aqueduct, one of eleven aqueducts which brought water from the surrounding hills and springs into the city to supply its one million residents with drinking water and run the elaborate baths used by citizens for bathing and social activity. 

In 1762, the architect Nicola Salvi designed, and his successor completed, a large baroque style fountain at that location to mark the aqueduct’s terminus pursuant to a papal commission. Built out of travertine limestone, the fountain contains a 150-foot-wide pool which was built into the rear wall of the palace of the Dukes of Poliback. In the center underneath an arch is a statue of the God Oceanus. He is depicted standing on a shell-shaped chariot being pulled into the sea by two seahorses. Other carvings in the fountain include one showing a girl helping Roman soldiers locate a spring in the countryside. The Trevi Fountain is one of the most popular stops for tourists in Rome because of its history and cultural identity as a landmark of Rome.  Crowds arrive there every day to photograph themselves and their companions enacting the tradition of throwing a coin into the fountain over their left shoulder so they will return to Rome someday.

EXPLORE THE ROMAN FORUM, PALATINE HILL, AND TRAJAN’S MARKET

Most of the political activity, religious functions and government of the Roman Empire took place in a small, low-lying area of the city known as the Forum and the adjacent residential palaces and houses on the Palatine Hill. The Roman Forum was the ceremonial center of the city reached by a road leading from the Coliseum to the Capitoline Hill.  It was filled with everything from courts and the chambers of the Roman Senate to triumphal arches honoring the glories of various emperors to temples honoring various Gods which were later turned into Christian churches. One popular stop is at the “grave” of Julius Caesar, an unmarked cremation site next to the ruins of the Temple of Caesar, where visitors flock to leave flowers in his memory. By the 18th century much of the Forum was buried and covered with rubble and it was excavated slowly over the past two centuries. 

On the Palatine Hill towering over the south side of the Forum, there are some ruins of palaces and houses from the imperial age surrounded by pleasant gardens. This area was the home of emperors and aristocrats such as Augustus Caesar, the orator and philosopher Cicero, the Emperor Domitian, and Augustus’ powerful wife Livia. Emperor Septimius Severus’ large palace built onto the hillside is the most impressive structure to look at. 

Another site worth looking at when visiting this area is Trajan’s Market. Slightly to the north of the Forum, the Emperor Trajan built his own forum with libraries and a basilica. Around 110 AD, he added a large market and administrative complex which was three stories high. Called the first shopping center by many, the building had approximately 150 shops from which merchants sold basic food items along with luxury goods, spices, and specialty items from Rome’s far-flung provinces. 

ENJOY THE SPANISH STEPS AREA

The Piazza di Spagna is one of Rome’s most popular places since it is near the fashionable retail shops located on the Via Condotti, is surrounded by restaurants and tea rooms, and lies beneath the picturesque white staircase of the Spanish Steps. Ever since the 18th century, this area has been frequented by ex-pats, artists, writers, and tourists seeking to socialize and enjoy a taste of the good life. Today, the fountains and majesty of the area provide a nice setting to relax in a café, window shop or just sit on the steps. 

WALK ON THE APPIAN WAY AND VISIT THE SAINT SEBASTIAN CATACOMBS

Travelers to Rome who enjoy hikes or history should spend half a day at the Via Appian Way located just outside of the center city. The Appian Way is a ten-mile segment of one of the Roman empire’s original roads that was built in 312 BC from Rome to the important port of Brindisi some 330 miles away. Today, this stone road serves as the centerpiece of an archaeological and nature park with fifty-four attractions known as the Parco Regionale de Appia Antica. 

When walking along the Appian Way, you can feel the history all around you and contemplate it in a peaceful setting. For almost a thousand years, the armies of Rome, local farmers and legendary historical figures passed along this toll-free public road which was marked with milestones and directions, and featured post stations for supplies and horses. The road has a wide assortment of monuments and Roman ruins along it including a chariot racing stadium known as the Circus of Maxentius, the opulent Villa of the Quintillion, and numerous tombs and monuments to various Senators, generals, and dignitaries. The Via Appa also runs by the Catacombs of Saint Sebastian, a cemetery for early Christians and some martyrs that extends four stories underneath the road and surrounding fields for several miles. Unlike the catacombs of Paris, there are no piles of bones here but seeing the location is a moving experience.

ENJOY YOUR FAVORITE GELATO AT A GELATERIA

For several centuries, people have used the phrase “When in Rome do as the Romans do.” If you apply this principle to food, that means you should stop at a gelateria and enjoy a cup of gelato as often as possible. There are thousands of them in Rome. Gelato is different than ice cream.  They are both frozen desserts, but ice cream is creamier, has more air in it than gelato, a higher fat content, and a few more calories. Gelato is softer and consists of more milk than cream and has less sugar in it than ice cream. When it comes to flavors there are some similarities since both chocolate and strawberry (cioccolato and fregola) are popular in Rome, but Italians also like some special flavors like lemon, tiramisu, pistachio, and mint. 

OTHER EXPERIENCES

There are two other places that some people may want to include on a visit to Rome. First, many people enjoy visiting the 200-acre Villa Borghese Gardens located north of the Spanish Steps. Originally designed by a wealthy cardinal in the 17th century, the park was donated to the municipality in 1901. The park is known for its beauty, landscaped grounds, elaborate fountains, and views of the city. Another unique feature of this park is the different types of recreation activities. These include a small zoo, a lake with boat rentals, a puppet theater, a concert promenade, an arthouse cinema, restaurants and cafes, playgrounds, a small train, bike rentals, and a villa known as the Galleria Borghese which displays the sculptures and paintings of classical era masters. 

Another destination on the list for many visitors is the Pantheon. Initially constructed by Augustus Caesar’s friend and counsel Agrippa around 28 BC as a rectangular temple with Corinthian columns, the Pantheon was reconstructed by Emperor Hadrian around 120 AD into a “temple of all the gods”. Hadrian added huge bronze doors and a dome with wall indentations that rises 143 feet to a 20-foot-wide circular opening to the sky called the oculus. The architectural design and construction of the building were not matched until modern times, and it has survived without failure for 1900 years. Pope Boniface IV turned it into a church and during the centuries that followed, it became a special burial place for Renaissance figures and Italian monarchs.